MetaCyc Release Notes History
This document summarizes the release history of MetaCyc.
MetaCyc Statistics by Year
|
2008 |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
Description |
| Metabolic Pathways |
1138 |
1010 |
879 |
692 |
528 |
491 |
460 |
445 |
366 |
296 |
Number of metabolic pathways, excluding superpathways. |
| Reactions |
7114 |
6576 |
6113 |
5520 |
4955 |
4858 |
4294 |
4218 |
4002 |
3779 |
Number of biochemical reactions. |
| Enzymes |
4986 |
4582 |
3841 |
3029 |
1940 |
1618 |
1267 |
1115 |
344 |
82 |
Number of enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions. |
| Genes |
4584 |
4161 |
3630 |
2931 |
1821 |
1673 |
600 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Number of genes. |
| Chemical Compounds |
7140 |
6561 |
5978 |
4817 |
3551 |
3029 |
2404 |
2335 |
2180 |
1949 |
Number of chemical compounds. |
| Organisms |
1505 |
1077 |
902 |
601 |
302 |
222 |
174 |
158 |
131 |
NA |
The number of distinct taxa that pathways in MetaCyc are labeled to occur in. [more] |
| Citations |
17340 |
15875 |
11934 |
8599 |
5050 |
3619 |
2718 |
2381 |
604 |
184 |
Number of distinct references cited in MetaCyc. |
Note: The statistics for each year pertain to the last MetaCyc version
released in that year.
NA = Not available.
Click here for information on the taxonomic distribution of MetaCyc pathways.
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 12.1
Released on June 27, 2008
New and Updated Pathways
We have added 101* new pathways to MetaCyc since the last release. In addition,
we significantly revised 13 pathways by adding commentary and updated enzyme
and gene information, for a total of 114 new and updated pathways. The N-acetylneuraminate
and N-acetylmannosamine degradation pathway was imported from EcoCyc. We also created
20 new superpathways.
We have undertaken a major effort to enhance the curation of quinone
biosynthesis to cover the different varieties of quinones found in prokaryotic
and eukaryotic organisms. These include menaquinones, demethylmenaquinones and
ubiquinones of different tail length, phylloquinone, plastoquinone and
rhodoquinones, as well as the plant quinones alizarin, lawsone and juglone.
We also covered the microbial biosynthesis of CDP-3,6-dideoxyhexoses CDP-abequose, CDP-ascarylose, CDP-paratose and CDP-tyvelose which are important
O-antigens of several enterobacterial species. In the area of microbial
secondary metabolism, we added pathways for the biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin,
tuberculosinol and the antibiotics albaflavenone, puromycin, streptomycin,
terpentecin and validamycin A.
In plant metabolism we continue to expand our coverage of secondary metabolite
biosynthesis including alkaloids, quinones (see above), terpenoids and
isoflavonoid glycosides. We have added pathways for the biosynthesis of
metabolites significant in plant defense such as maysin. We also added pathways
of medical significance, including the biosynthesis of cocaine, quinine, hyperforin, hypericin and colchicine.
Newly added pathways of industrial significance
included rubber, urushiol and various scent volatiles. Pathways of primary
metabolism include the biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides such as xylan and xyloglucan, several auxin metabolism pathways and biosynthetic
pathways for wax esters, hypusine and homospermidine. We also curated two
pathways involved in the production of phytosiderophores, as well as pathways
involving iron chelation and transport.
*The MetaCyc Statistics by Year table is updated at each release. The
discrepancy between the numbers of new pathways reported in the release notes
and those computed by the software in the Statistics by Year table results from
curation activities such as interconversions of some pre-existing base pathways
and superpathways, deletion of pathways, splitting of some pre-existing large
pathways into smaller segments and renaming of database objects.
New Pathways
New superpathways
Updated pathways
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 12.0
Released on April 1, 2008
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
1036 |
| Reactions |
6739 |
| Enzymes |
4731 |
| Chemical Compounds |
6719 |
| Organisms |
1108 |
| Citations |
16335 |
New and Updated Pathways
We have added 51* new pathways to MetaCyc since the last release. In
addition, we significantly revised 15 pathways by adding commentary and updated
enzyme and gene information, for a total of 66 new and updated pathways.
Among the new microbial pathways curated in MetaCyc during the last quarter
are a newly discovered autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway (comprising
the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle and glyoxylate assimilation pathway), several
pathways for the degradation of s-triazine herbicides such as atrazine, the
biosynthesis of several GDP-sugars, and the biosynthesis and degradation
pathways of itaconate. In the area of antibiotic biosynthesis we added a
pathway for (5R)-carbapenem which is a member of the carbapenem class of
beta-lactam antibiotics, and pathways for the biosynthesis of fosfomycin and the
phenazine compounds phenazine-1-carboxylate and 2-hydroxyphenazine. We
also added a CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway from EcoCyc, and created a
superpathway of atrazine degradation..
We also added a pathway for 4-hydroxybenzoate
biosynthesis in higher and lower eukaryotes. In addition, we imported 9 new pathways from YeastCyc (part
of the Saccharomyces Genome Database) that describe pathways found in that
organism.
In plant metabolism we curated a variety of new pathways for the biosynthesis
of plant secondary metabolites. These include: the sesquiterpenoids
farnesene, germacrene and costunolide; the toxic terpenoid gossypol found in
cotton; three triterpene saponin glycosylation pathways; the alkaloids capsaicin, hemlock poisons gamma-coniciene and coniine,
and piperine (which gives black pepper its pungent flavor); rotenoid; and the isoflavans vestitol and sativan. We also added a superpathway of formononetin derivative
biosynthesis showing the formation of two of the many isoflavonoids derived from
this compound, as well as the production of a storage form of formononetin.
In general these plant secondary metabolites are involved in plant defense
and/or stress responses and many have potential applications in medicine and
agriculture. Also in the area of plant secondary metabolism we curated new
pathways for the degradation of ethiin, alliin and isoalliin, and we
updated the pathway for hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthesis.
In addition, we curated biosynthetic pathways for the plant scent volatiles
phenylethanol and trimethoxybenzene. In the area of plant energy
metabolism we added a pathway for the Rubisco shunt, a bypass of glycolysis
providing an efficient way for plants to convert carbohydrates into seed storage
oil.
*The MetaCyc Statistics by Year table shown above is updated at each release.
The table indicates an increase of 26 new Metabolic Pathways since the 11.6
release on December 5, 2007, rather than 51 new pathways. This discrepancy
is a result of the reclassification of 25 base pathways in the 11.6 version to superpathways. We only count base pathways in the Metabolic Pathways
statistic.
Update of EC Reactions
During this quarter we have updated the reactions in MetaCyc with the latest
information (as of January 2008) from the Nomenclature Committee of the
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB), by
incorporating supplement 13 (see
Enzyme
Nomenclature Supplement 13).
We would like to welcome a new curator, Dr. A.
Karthikeyan (Karthik) from the Carnegie Institution, to the MetaCyc team.
New pathways:
Imported pathways
Superpathways
Updated pathways:
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 11.6
Released on December 5, 2007
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
1010 |
| Reactions |
6576 |
| Enzymes |
4582 |
| Chemical Compounds |
6561 |
| Organisms |
1077 |
| Citations |
15875 |
New and Updated Pathways
79 new pathways (including one superpathway) were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In addition, we
significantly revised 30 pathways, by adding commentary and updated enzyme and
gene information, for a total of 109 new
and updated pathways.
Major additions include a much better coverage for the microbial degradation
of nitroaromatic compounds, urate and allantoin metabolism, and acetate metabolism.
We have added pathways for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll a, several
GDP-sugars, the compatible solutes glucosyl- and mannosyl-glycerate, the enzyme
cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and several naturally occurring β-lactam
antibiotics, including the penam, ceph-3-em and clavam classes. We also
significantly enhanced coverage of nitrate reduction, and added pathways for
propylene degradation, sorbitol biosynthesis, and many other miscellaneous
pathways.
In plant metabolism we curated six new secondary metabolic pathways. The new
pathways
include biosynthesis of the fragrance compound linalool and the flavor compounds of vanilla, garlic,
onion and chive, biosynthesis of the toxic metabolites α-solanine
and α-chaconine, which are found in potatoes, and biosynthesis of two
terpenoid drugs: the important anticancer drug taxol, which is produced in yew
trees, and the multi-use drug ginseng.
We would like to welcome new members to the MetaCyc team:
Drs. Lukas Mueller and Anuradha Pujar from Cornell
University, and Dr. Kate Dreher from the Carnegie Institution.
New pathways:
Superpathways
Updated pathways:
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 11.5
Released on August 15, 2007
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
977 |
| Reactions |
6483 |
| Enzymes |
4332 |
| Chemical Compounds |
6375 |
| Organisms |
1029 |
| Citations |
15199 |
New and Updated Pathways
10 new pathways were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In addition, we
significantly revised 5 pathways, by adding commentary and updated enzyme and
gene information, for a total of 15 new
and updated pathways.
In microbial metabolism we curated 7 new pathways, incorporated one
new pathway from EcoCyc, and
significantly enhanced 5 existing pathways, for a total of 13 pathways.
We have
updated our coverage of the biosynthesis of
adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B12), one of the most structurally complex small molecules made
in nature. MetaCyc pathways describe both the aerobic and anaerobic biosynthetic routes, and the
synthesis of one of its precursors,
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB). We also added a pathway for biosynthesis of the
important vitamin
L-ascorbate (vitamin C) in bacteria, a pathway for the biosynthesis of the amino sugar donor UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine,
and pathways for degradation of the pentose sugars arabinose and xylose.
In mammalian metabolism we curated two new pathways: a pathway for
biosynthesis of
L-ascorbate (vitamin C) in higher animals, and a pathway for degradation of
the
sugar acid glucuronate.
New microbial pathways:
New microbial pathway from EcoCyc:
New Mammalian pathways:
Updated microbial pathways:
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 11.1
Released on May 25, 2007
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
966 |
| Reactions |
6464 |
| Enzymes |
4271 |
| Chemical Compounds |
6354 |
| Organisms |
1023 |
| Citations |
14937 |
New and Updated Pathways
39 new pathways were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In addition, we
significantly revised 31 pathways, by adding commentary and updated enzyme and
gene information. We also created 1 new superpathway, for a total of 71 new
and updated pathways.
In microbial metabolism we curated 20 new pathways, incorporated 6
new EcoCyc pathways, and
significantly enhanced 31 existing pathways, for a total of 57 pathways.
Several topics received special attention during this release. We have
reorganized and significantly expanded our coverage of fermentation pathways,
the metabolism of the amino acids glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and asparagine,
the degradation of the pesticide parathion and related compounds, and
the metabolism of the vitamins B6 and B12. In addition we added or revised many
pathways covering a wide range of topics, including purine degradation, the reductive monocarboxylate cycle,
and polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis, to name a few.
In plant metabolism we added 13 new pathways and one superpathway.
Five well-known alkaloid biosynthesis pathways complete the coverage of this
domain. In addition, we added two biosynthetic pathways of hydroxycinnamic acid
amides. The serotonin amides are reported to be antioxidants, and the tyramine
amides, widespread in plants, are cell wall constituents playing a role in cell
wall reinforcement and protection of plants against pathogen infections.
Finally, we curated six new pathways for the biosynthesis of
phenylpropenoids belonging to the class of lignans and hydrolyzable tannins, a
group of compounds reported to have, amongst other things, antioxidant and
antitumor properties. A superpathway of hydrolyzable tannins was also created.
Special thanks: We bid a fond farewell to our colleagues Drs. Sue Rhee, Peifen Zhang, Hartmut
Foerster, and Chris Tissier of the Carnegie Institution.
The Carnegie group has curated a large number of plant pathways and enzymes into
MetaCyc, making it the most comprehensive existing
database on plant metabolism. Thank you for your many contributions to MetaCyc,
and to the curation procedures and software behind it.
New microbial pathways:
New microbial pathways from EcoCyc:
Updated microbial pathways:
New plant pathways:
New Superpathways
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 11.0
Released on March 16, 2007
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
935 |
| Reactions |
6262 |
| Enzymes |
3995 |
| Chemical Compounds |
6218 |
| Organisms |
952 |
| Citations |
12729 |
New and Updated Pathways
47 new pathways were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In addition, we
significantly revised 26 pathways, by adding commentary and updated enzyme and
gene information. We also created 12 new superpathways, for a total of 85 new
and updated pathways.
In microbial metabolism we curated 16 new pathways, incorporated 4 new
EcoCyc pathways and one ScoCyc
pathway, and
significantly enhanced 20 existing pathways, for a total of 41 pathways.
Topics that were covered include the metabolism of the toxic compounds methylglyoxal
and phenylmercury acetate,
the degradation of the amino acids alanine and threonine, and the degradation of miscellaneous aromatic
and non-aromatic compounds including phenol, benzene, catechol, toluene, naphthalene, xylene, acrylonitrile, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, and
acetone. We also modified several pathways of
sugar metabolism. In addition, we incorporated 4 new pathways from EcoCyc, describing the degradation of purine
and pyrimidine nucleosides, and a Streptomyces coelicolor
A3(2) pathway for the biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotic actinorhodin, which was submitted by Veronica Armendarez
of the
John Innes Centre. Thank
you Veronica!
In plant metabolism we added 26 new pathways, and enhanced 6 pathways,
for a total of 32 pathways.
A special focus was given to the metabolism of betalains,
which constitute chromo-alkaloid pigments that replace anthocyanins in the plant
order Caryophyllales. The lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, which leads to the
biosynthesis of a wide variety of compounds such as jasmonic acid, volatile
aldehydes and alcohols, alpha ketols, and divinyl ethers, has been extensively
overhauled. MetaCyc now contains the 9-LOX, 13-LOX and their corresponding AOS (allene
oxide synthase), HPL (hydroperoxide lyase) and DES (divinyl ether synthase)
branches curated in separate pathways. An exhaustive list of pathways involved
in the biosynthesis of oleoresin compounds found in coniferous plants have been
added to the database. Finally, a number of new pathways concerning various
compound classes, such as terpenoids (DMNT and crocetin biosynthesis)
have also been added.
We have also extensively updated pathways relating to
glycolysis and related pathways (starch biosynthesis and TCA cycle) in plants by
adding a comprehensive list of cytosolic and plastidic enzymes, as well as
pathways concerning homomethonine and jasmonic acid biosynthesis.
Update of EC Reactions
During this quarter we have updated the reactions in MetaCyc with the latest
information (as of January 2007) from the Nomenclature Committee of the
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB), by
incorporating supplement 12 (see
Enzyme
Nomenclature Supplement 12).
New microbial pathways:
New microbial pathways from EcoCyc:
A new microbial pathway from ScoCyc:
Updated microbial pathways:
New plant pathways:
Updated plant pathways:
New Superpathways
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 10.6
Released on January 10, 2007
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
879 |
| Reactions |
6113 |
| Enzymes |
3841 |
| Chemical Compounds |
5978 |
| Organisms |
902 |
| Citations |
11934 |
New and Updated Pathways
93 new pathways were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In
addition, we significantly revised 32 pathways, by adding commentary and updated
enzyme and gene information, for a total of 125 updated pathways.
In microbial metabolism we added 37 new pathways, and
significantly enhanced 27 pathways, for a total of 64 pathways.
We expanded our coverage of lysine
degradation by adding five new pathways from bacteria, yeasts, fungi and
mammals. We also added a new superpathway that provides an overview of the many
different initial reactions in lysine degradation. Additional degradation topics
covered in this release include new and modified pathways for the degradation of
phenylalanine, ornithine, nitroethane, orthanilate, sucrose, carbon
tetrachloride, 2-nitropropane and carbon disulfide. New and modified
biosynthetic pathways include homocysteine, siroheme amide,
dolichyldiphosphooligosaccharide and phenylalanine. Other pathways include new
variants for hydrogen oxidation and the reductive TCA cycle, an improved Calvin
cycle, and an expanded methanogenesis from carbon dioxide pathway.We significantly expanded our coverage of
microbial
sulfur metabolism, adding and modifying pathways for the oxidation,
reduction and disproportionation of sulfur compounds, including the inorganic
compounds sulfide, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, sulfite and
sulfate, as well as organosulfur compounds such as homocysteine, methionine,
sulfoacetaldehyde and
benzenesulfonate.
In plant metabolism we added 52 new pathways, and enhanced 5 pathways,
for a total of 57 pathways.
Eight new plant alkaloid biosynthesis pathways have been added to this release, improving the
comprehensiveness of well-characterized alkaloid pathways in the MetaCyc
collection. In addition, nine biosynthetic pathways of unusual fatty acids found
in certain plant seed oils have been reviewed. Several metabolic pathways
of carbohydrates (e.g. the raffinose series , including stachyose, ajugose, etc),
carotenoid and anthocyanin pigments (e.g. astaxanthin, bixin, shisonin,
gentiodelphin and anthocyanidin) and flavonols (e.g. the pharmaceutically
important syringetin or the food aroma compound raspberry ketone) have been
introduced. Finally, we added a pathway for the biosynthesis of the molybdenum
cofactor (moco), which binds the transition element molybdenum.
We have also updated pathways in the areas of flavonoid, phytoalexins and lipid biosynthesis.
In animal metabolism we imported 3 new pathways from HumanCyc, and curated
one new pathway,
for a total of 4 pathways.
Our coverage of cholesterol biosynthesis was expanded by
adding two new pathways and a superpathway from HumanCyc. The new pathways show
other biosynthetic intermediates that can occur, and the superpathway provides
an overview of these routes. Another new pathway describes the degradation of
L-cysteine in mammals.
Special thanks:
We would like to thank Dr. Ruth Welti for her help in updating the
glycolipid and phospholipid desaturation pathways.
New microbial pathways:
New animal pathways:
Updated microbial pathways:
New plant pathways:
Updated plant pathways:
New Superpathways
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 10.5
Released on September 8, 2006
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
800 |
| Reactions |
5871 |
| Enzymes |
3527 |
| Chemical Compounds |
5253 |
| Organisms |
729 |
| Citations |
10658 |
New and Updated Pathways
44 new pathways were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In
addition, we significantly revised 24 pathways, by adding commentary and updated
enzyme and gene information, for a total of 68 updated pathways.
In microbial metabolism we added 30 new pathways, and
significantly enhanced 17 pathways, for a total of 47 pathways.
New pathways include the biosynthesis of cell components such as tetrapyrroles,
lipids and peptidoglycan, and the degradation of several aromatic compounds,
including cyanurate, melamine,
N-cyclopropylmelamine, and 4-toluenesulfonate. We significantly expanded our coverage of
methanogenesis, adding pathways
for the biosynthesis of several methanogenic cofactors including coenzyme B,
coenzyme M, factor 420, factor 430,
and methanofuran, a pathway for the regeneration of coenzyme B and coenzyme M from their heterosulfide, seven new pathways for methanogenesis from different
substrates, and a lactate biosynthetic pathway from the methanogen
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, in which lactate is used as a precursor for factor 420.
We also added two new superpathways for aerobic toluene degradation and the
degradation of pentoses and pentitols, and imported 4 new pathways from EcoCyc, covering lipoate biosynthesis and
incorporation, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and the degradation of ethylene
glycol.
In addition to creating new pathways, we updated pre-existing pathways in the following areas: heme
biosynthesis; lipoate biosynthesis; NAD biosynthesis; pentitol degradation; benzoyl-CoA
degradation; other aromatic compounds degradation; and lysine degradation and
fermentation.
Finally, we reorganized some of our existing pathways, breaking them into several
shorter conserved pathways which are linked to each other. Doing so decreases
redundancy in MetaCyc, and will improve future pathway predictions by our
PathoLogic software. Reorganized pathways include biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole-derived
molecules, including heme,
chlorophyll and cobalamine, and degradative pathways of aromatic compounds that
proceed through the intermediates 2-oxopent-4-enoate and glutaryl-CoA.
In plant metabolism we added 12 new pathways, and enhanced 7 pathways,
for a total of 19 updated pathways.
A variety of new plant pathways have been added to the
database. They include acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, mitochondrial membrane lipid
cardiolipin biosynthesis, activation of the secondary metabolite glucosinolate,
and biosynthesis of the medicinal alkaloid morphine. Biosynthetic pathways of
the phenylpropenoids ferulate, sinapate and coumarin have also been added. The
former two compounds are precursors to UV-protecting hydroxycinnamyl esters in
plants, whereas coumarins are recognized for their pharmacological and
therapeutic properties in humans. Other new additions include the biosynthetic
pathways of the important terpenoids artemisinin (the most potent anti-malaria
drug) and soybean saponin, as well as salvianin, a major anthocyanin in the
Labiatae family that contributes to flower coloration.
We have also updated a number of existing pathways including abscisic acid and
carotenoid biosyntheses, and several glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways.
In animal metabolism we imported 2 new pathways from HumanCyc,
covering the degradation of anandamide, a member of the endocannabinoid class of
signaling lipids, and of dopamine, a neurotransmitter and physiological
regulator.
We would like to express our gratitude to Drs. Maor Bar-Peled, Ed Cahoon,
Clint Chapple, Peter Facchini, Jonathan Page and David Seigler for their
invaluable contribution to the identification and curation of many of the plant
pathways in the last two MetaCyc releases. We would also like to thank Dr.
Rob Gunsalus for his suggestions concerning methanogenesis.
New microbial pathways:
New animal pathways:
Updated microbial pathways:
New plant pathways:
Updated plant pathways:
Release Notes for MetaCyc Version 10.1
Released on May 19, 2006.
MetaCyc KB Statistics
| Pathways |
759 |
| Reactions |
5797 |
| Enzymes |
3370 |
| Chemical Compounds |
5095 |
| Organisms |
686 |
| Citations |
9799 |
New and Updated Pathways
47 new pathways were added to MetaCyc since the last release. In
addition, we significantly revised 21 pathways, by adding commentary and updated
enzyme and gene information, for a total of 68 updated pathways.
In microbial/animal metabolism we added 11 new pathways, and
significantly enhanced 13 pathways, for a total of 24 pathways.
In central metabolism we have updated several pathways covering variants of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)
cycle (both complete and incomplete cycles), glycolysis, and pyruvate
fermentation. We updated our coverage of amino-acid biosynthesis and
degradation pathways with new pathways for the biosynthesis of isoleucine,
arginine, and β-alanine, and for the degradation of tyrosine, phenylalanine and hydroxyproline.
We also added a new variant of 2-oxobutanoate degradation, and a new pathway for 2-methylbutyrate
biosynthesis.
In plant metabolism we added 36 new pathways, and enhanced 8 pathways,
for a total of 44 pathways.
New plant primary metabolism pathways include several pathways of fatty acid
and sugar-nucleotide metabolism.
New plant secondary metabolism pathways include the biosynthesis of several
anthocyanins and the degradation of chlorophyll. In addition, we added four new
pathways describing the biosynthesis of geranyl diphosphate, geranylgeranyl
diphosphate and trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate, which simplify the metabolism
of terpenoids. Moreover, four important biosynthetic pathways of Cannabis and
hops (the latter being involved in the flavouring of beer) have been added to the database.
We have also updated and revised several existing pathways:
ascorbate biosynthesis; aurone biosynthesis; coenzyme A biosynthesis;
isoflavonoid biosynthesis II; NAD/NADH phosphorylation and dephosphorylation;
sulfate assimilation III; triacylglycerol degradation; and wighteone and luteone
biosynthesis.
Update of EC Reactions
During this quarter we have updated the reactions in MetaCyc with the latest
information (as of February 2006) from the Nomenclature Committee of the
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB), by
incorporating supplement 11 (see
Enzyme
Nomenclature Supplement 11).
New microbial/animal pathways:
|
